What is the primary function of virtual memory in a computer?

The primary function of virtual memory in a computer is to simulate additional RAM using storage devices. Virtual memory essentially expands the usable memory available to applications by utilizing disk space, allowing the system to run more applications concurrently than would be possible with physical RAM alone.

When the system runs out of RAM, it can temporarily transfer some data to a portion of the hard drive designated as the swap file or page file. This process allows the operating system to free up RAM space for other tasks while maintaining the illusion of a larger memory space available for applications. Because this function enhances multitasking capabilities and optimizes memory management, it significantly contributes to overall system performance and usability.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of virtual memory. Permanent storage solutions involve long-term data retention, which is different from the temporary nature of virtual memory. Enhancing CPU speed is not directly related to the concept of memory; CPU performance can be influenced by many factors outside of memory allocation. Finally, read-only memory is a distinct type of storage that is used for permanently storing firmware or software that does not change, which is not related to the dynamic allocation of virtual memory.