What does the Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) refer to?

The Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) is primarily associated with file organization and access, using a primary key to facilitate the retrieval of records in a database or file system. This method combines the efficiency of indexed access with sequential access, allowing for fast data retrieval. The primary key allows for the quick location of specific records, improving overall search efficiency.

In ISAM, data is stored in a way that it is both indexed (for quick access) and organized sequentially (for easy data processing). This dual approach provides significant advantages in database management systems where both speed and order of data are crucial. Thus, the answer accurately describes the fundamental characteristics and purpose of ISAM in information technology.