What does cache memory do?

Cache memory is a small, high-speed storage area located within or near the CPU that temporarily holds data and instructions that are frequently accessed by the processor. Its primary function is to increase processing speed and efficiency by reducing the time needed to retrieve data from the main memory (RAM).

When the CPU needs to access data, it first checks if the data is in the cache. If it's there, the CPU can access it much faster than if it had to retrieve the data from the slower main memory. This process helps to boost the overall performance of the system, especially when executing programs that require repetitive access to the same data.

In contrast, other options identify functions that do not align with cache memory. Permanent storage relates to hard drives or SSDs, performance monitoring would involve tools and software that analyze system performance, and backup typically concerns external or secondary storage systems rather than the quick-access purpose of cache memory. Therefore, the core role of cache memory in facilitating faster data retrieval and processing supports its identification as the correct answer.