What does a hard copy refer to in computing?

A hard copy in computing refers to a physical, tangible output of information that has been processed by a computer, typically printed on paper. This can include documents, images, or any other graphics that were created or manipulated using computer software. The term emphasizes the distinction between digital formats and physical formats, allowing users to understand that the hard copy is a direct representation of digital content in a form that can be physically handled.

The other choices present alternatives that are all related to digital formats or storage but do not embody the concept of a hard copy. For instance, a digital file stored on a computer remains in an electronic format and is not physically accessible in the way a printed document is. A temporary screen display likewise yields no physical product — it exists only while an application is open. Lastly, a backup file stored on a cloud service pertains to data preservation and access in a digital realm but does not result in a physical document. Thus, the definition of hard copy is distinct and specifically relates to the physical manifestation of digital work.