What describes a program or data that has been converted into binary code?

Machine language refers to the set of binary instructions that a computer's hardware understands directly. When a program or data is converted into binary code, it becomes a series of 0s and 1s, which is the only form the computer's processor can decipher without further translation.

This contrasts with source code, which is written in a high-level programming language that is more understandable by humans and needs to be compiled or interpreted into machine language to execute. High-level languages are designed for ease of understanding and writing by developers, abstracting away the complexities of the hardware. Assembly language, although low-level and closer to machine language than high-level languages, still requires an assembler to convert it to machine code.

Thus, the accurate term for the binary representation directly understood by the computer is indeed machine language.