Multiprogramming allows an operating system to:

Multiprogramming is a technique used by operating systems to allow multiple independent programs to be loaded into memory and executed concurrently. This is achieved by managing the CPU time among the different programs, enabling the system to switch between them efficiently. This means that while one program is waiting for I/O operations to complete, another program can utilize the CPU, thereby improving the overall usage of system resources and increasing the efficiency of processing tasks.

This capability to handle multiple programs simultaneously distinguishes multiprogramming from simpler execution models that only allow one program to run at a time. It also enhances the throughput of the system, allowing it to process more tasks in a given period compared to a single-program execution approach. Thus, the selection of this option highlights the primary function of multiprogramming in operating systems, which is to enable the handling of multiple independent programs smoothly and efficiently.